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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">使用logrotate对nginx日志按天进行分割</h1>
        

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        <h2 id="情景"><a href="#情景" class="headerlink" title="情景"></a>情景</h2><p>今天运维大哥来找，某某服务器磁盘报警啦。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">df -m</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>看了一下/dev/vda1果然快满了，磁盘使用率97%。。。</p>
<p>没办法先紧急清理一下log吧</p>
<p>查一下那个目录占用空间比较大</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">du -h --max-depth=1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>噼里啪啦一阵之后发现nginx下的access.log居然有13G，这还能忍？赶紧压缩移到别的地方~</p>
<h2 id="原因"><a href="#原因" class="headerlink" title="原因"></a>原因</h2><p>nginx会按照nginx.conf的配置生成access.log和error.log，随着访问量的增长，日志文件会越来越大，既会影响访问的速度(写入日志时间延长)，<br>也会增加查找日志的难度，nginx没有这种按天或更细粒度生成日志的机制。</p>
<p>但是线上的服务器应该都配置了logrotate,为什么会一直累加该文件，赶紧看了下果然这台服务器上没有配置T.T。</p>
<p>只好自己配一下了，省的以后想查日志还得自己切分。</p>
<h2 id="logrotate配置"><a href="#logrotate配置" class="headerlink" title="logrotate配置"></a>logrotate配置</h2><p>logrotate程序是一个日志文件管理工具。用来把旧的日志文件删除，并创建新的日志文件，我们把它叫做“转储”。我们可以根据日志文件的大小，也可以根据其天数来转储，这个过程一般通过 cron 程序来执行。<br>logrotate程序还可以用于压缩日志文件，以及发送日志到指定的E-mail 。</p>
<h2 id="配置选项说明"><a href="#配置选项说明" class="headerlink" title="配置选项说明"></a>配置选项说明</h2><p>compress：通过gzip 压缩转储旧的日志<br>nocompress：不需要压缩时，用这个参数<br>copytruncate：用于还在打开中的日志文件，把当前日志备份并截断<br>nocopytruncate：备份日志文件但是不截断<br>create mode owner group：使用指定的文件模式创建新的日志文件<br>nocreate：不建立新的日志文件<br>delaycompress：和 compress 一起使用时，转储的日志文件到下一次转储时才压缩<br>nodelaycompress：覆盖 delaycompress 选项，转储同时压缩<br>errors address：专储时的错误信息发送到指定的Email 地址<br>ifempty：即使是空文件也转储，这个是 logrotate 的缺省选项<br>notifempty：如果是空文件的话，不转储<br>mail address：把转储的日志文件发送到指定的E-mail 地址<br>nomail：转储时不发送日志文件<br>olddir directory：转储后的日志文件放入指定的目录，必须和当前日志文件在同一个文件系统<br>noolddir：转储后的日志文件和当前日志文件放在同一个目录下<br>prerotate/endscript：在转储以前需要执行的命令可以放入这个对，这两个关键字必须单独成行<br>postrotate/endscript：在转储以后需要执行的命令可以放入这个对，这两个关键字必须单独成行<br>sharedscripts：所有的日志文件都轮转完毕后统一执行一次脚本<br>daily：指定转储周期为每天<br>weekly：指定转储周期为每周<br>monthly：指定转储周期为每月<br>rotate count：指定日志文件删除之前转储的次数，0 指没有备份，5 指保留5 个备份<br>size size：当日志文件到达指定的大小时才转储，Size 可以指定 bytes (缺省)以及KB (sizek)或者MB</p>
<h2 id="命令参数说明"><a href="#命令参数说明" class="headerlink" title="命令参数说明"></a>命令参数说明</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># logrotate –help</span></span><br><span class="line">Usage: logrotate [OPTION...] &lt;configfile&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  -d, --debug               调试模式，输出调试结果，并不执行。隐式-v参数</span><br><span class="line">  -f, --force               强制模式，对所有相关文件进行rotate</span><br><span class="line">  -m, --mail=<span class="built_in">command</span>        发送邮件 (instead of `/bin/mail<span class="string">')</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  -s, --state=statefile     状态文件，对于运行在不同用户情况下有用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">  -v, --verbose             显示debug信息</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="logrotate配置文件默认位置："><a href="#logrotate配置文件默认位置：" class="headerlink" title="logrotate配置文件默认位置："></a>logrotate配置文件默认位置：</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/etc/logrotate.conf 通用配置文件，可以定义全局默认使用的选项。 </span><br><span class="line">/etc/logrotate.d/nginx 自定义服务配置文件</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/logs/*.<span class="built_in">log</span></span><br><span class="line">/usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/logs/XXX/*.<span class="built_in">log</span>  <span class="comment">#指定日志文件位置，可用正则匹配</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>/etc/logrotate.d/nginx</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">nginx &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    daily           <span class="comment">#调用频率，有：daily，weekly，monthly可选</span></span><br><span class="line">    rotate 30       <span class="comment">#一次将存储30个归档日志。对于第31个归档，时间最久的归档将被删除。</span></span><br><span class="line">    compress        <span class="comment">#通过gzip 压缩转储旧的日志 </span></span><br><span class="line">    sharedscripts   <span class="comment">#所有的日志文件都轮转完毕后统一执行一次脚本</span></span><br><span class="line">    postrotate      <span class="comment">#执行命令的开始标志</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> [ -f /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ]; <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">kill</span> -USR1 `cat /usr/<span class="built_in">local</span>/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">#不是中止Nginx的进程，而是传递给它信号重新生成日志，如果nginx没启动不做操作</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">fi</span></span><br><span class="line">    endscript <span class="comment">#执行命令的结束标志</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="测试配置手动执行logrotate"><a href="#测试配置手动执行logrotate" class="headerlink" title="测试配置手动执行logrotate"></a>测试配置手动执行logrotate</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 强制执行（-f = force），冗长的-v(-v =verbose），注意调试信息默认携带-v；</span></span><br><span class="line">logrotate -vf /etc/logrotate.d/nginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="输出如下，查看日志文件夹生成已压缩的日志："><a href="#输出如下，查看日志文件夹生成已压缩的日志：" class="headerlink" title="输出如下，查看日志文件夹生成已压缩的日志："></a>输出如下，查看日志文件夹生成已压缩的日志：</h2><p><img src="/upload/logrotate/logrotate_1.png" alt="logrotate_1.png"><br><img src="/upload/logrotate/logrotate_2.png" alt="logrotate_2.png"></p>
<h2 id="Cron定时执行logrotate"><a href="#Cron定时执行logrotate" class="headerlink" title="Cron定时执行logrotate"></a>Cron定时执行logrotate</h2><p>配置文件测试完毕，logrotate实际使用一般都是通过cron来定时执行。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#!/bin/sh</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1</span><br><span class="line">EXITVALUE=$?</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> [ <span class="variable">$EXITVALUE</span> != 0 ]; <span class="keyword">then</span></span><br><span class="line">    /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate <span class="string">"ALERT exited abnormally with [<span class="variable">$EXITVALUE</span>]"</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">fi</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">exit</span> 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>默认的logrotate已经放在/etc/cron.daily/logrotate下，让corn每天执行一次logrotate程序。</p>

      
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